658
中
国
农
业
科
学
50 卷
Abstract: Agricultural Internet of Things (AIoT) is the highly integrated information technology such as computer, internet and
mobile communication’s application in agricultural field, and it is the essential condition for the agricultural informatization and
intelligent. With the development of AIoT industry, there appears an endless stream of AIoT application systems, because of the lack
of analysis for AIoT system’s whole architecture, the current AIoT application presents the fractional, vertical and heterogeneous
characteristics. Extracting the system components and their relationship from various AIoT applications, and establishing AIoT
system architecture, to achieve the AIoT’s design and realization method’s unification are urgent problems need to be solved. The
paper analyzed the AIoT’s concepts, basic features and system structure research status, and found that the IoT development and
management plans from different countries and institutes played good guidance for the related researchers, however, they didn’t give
the specific methods that can design and realize the IoT systems, and furthermore agricultural environment’s diversity and
complexity determine that AIoT architecture’s establishment must consider agricultural industries characteristics as a whole.
Therefore, the paper firstly discussed the agricultural architecture building principles including extensibility, reusability, safety and
reliability and so on, then combined with the specific needs of agricultural industry and experiences from engineering practices, put
forward an AIoT hierarchical structure model, the model is divided into five layers from the bottom to the up, they are perception
layer, access layer, network layer, data layer and application layer, respectively, and each layer corresponds to different
communication protocols. And pointed out that AIOT hierarchical model and the corresponding protocol architecture constitute the
AIoT architecture. Compared with the traditional three layers and four layers architecture, the proposed architecture added the access
layer and data layer. Aiming at the problem that the majority objects in the ubiquitous environment have limited resources and
computing power, the access layer emphasized that the underlying heterogeneous sensor networks can connect to the network layer
seamlessly, it provides a unified abstract management interface to shield the complexity of the underlying heterogeneous sensor
networks, and reduces the difficulty of building AIOT perception system. For the problem of agricultural data can not be fully used in
current AIoT systems, and formed the information islands, the data layer designed and realized a service oriented architecture to
solve the data exchange and sharing problems among different AIoT systems. Overall the five layers architecture’s functionalities are
more independent, it is advantageous to the network load balancing between each layer, and reducing the burden of enterprise
network communications. Aiming at the common problems of the application of agricultural industries, according to the different
objects to be monitored, analyzed the agricultural production environment monitoring IoT, plant and animal life information
monitoring IoT, agricultural products quality detection and the quality safety tracing IoT, agricultural machinery operation
monitoring IoT’s present research situation and main technologies involved. From the perspective of agricultural application
architecture, it was found that the current researches are more concentrated on the gateway hardware, and the embedded gateway
middleware application is relatively few on the one hand, on the other hand the AIOT data sharing layer’s research is seriously
lacking, each application system usually sent the perceive data directly to the AIOT application layer, therefore it is difficult to
achieve the effect of further guiding to agricultural production for the lack of data mining and analysis. Finally, the paper discussed
the further research and application direction of the AIoT technology.
Key words: agricultural internet of things; system structure; architecture model; application area; development direction
的起点各异,关于农业物联网的概念特征、系统模型、
0 引言
体系结构和关键技术都还缺乏清晰化的界定[1]。本文
从农业物联网的概念、体系结构现状、应用领域等方
面进行了深入分析,抽象出农业物联网的应用类型和
应用场景,探讨建立农业物联网体系结构,为农业信
息化从业人员设计和实现农业物联网系统提供理论和
技术指导。
从工业 4.0 概念的提出到中国的“互联网+”行动
计划,都把未来产业发展指向新的方向,以信息化带
动工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的深度融合,由此打
破传统的行业界限,带来跨行业重组融合,并产生技
术模式、管理模式和理念的创新。农业物联网作为“互
联网+”农业的一个重要发展方向,可实现对农业生
产的全面感知、智能决策分析和预警,为农业生产提
供精准化种植、可视化管理和智能化决策服务。目前
无论国内还是国外,农业物联网的研究与应用都还处
于初级阶段,不同应用领域的专家学者对物联网研究
1 农业物联网概念及其特征
物联网的概念最早在 1999 年由美国麻省理工学
院(MIT)自动识别中心(Auto-ID Labs)提出的网络
无线射频识别(RFID)系统演变而来,目的是利用射
万方数据
全部评论(1)
2021-03-31 13:31:05love11
好啊