超级电容器储能和充电效率随电流变化规律探讨

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考虑到温度变化等因素的影响,对超级电容器等效电路模型进行了修改,用此模型研究了超级电容器的电容、储能、充电效率随电流强度的变化以及电流强度随充电时间的变化规律.结果表明：1电流强度随充电时间的变化为非线性关系,开始充电时电流强度增大较快,而充电时间较长时则变化较慢;2超级电容器的电容量、储存能量和充电效率均随充电电流强度的增大而非线性地变化,其中,电流较小时,储存能量随充电电流增大而缓慢减小,而效率则随电流增大而增大,当达到极大值后,储存能量和充电效率均较快减小;3研究超级电容器的储能和充电效率等随充电电流的变化规律时,应考虑到温度变化等因素的影响.用修改后的等效电路模型,其理论计算与实验结果较为一致.

Considering the temperature variation,the equivalent circuit model of super capacitor has been modified,and the changing laws about how the capacitance,energy storage and charging efficiency of super capacitor change with current intensity studied.The results show that 1）current intensity changes with the charging time nonlinearly,at the beginning the current intensity increases rapidly,but the increment speed slows down with charging time going on;2）the capacitance,energy storage and charging efficiency all change nonlinearly with the charging current intensity increasing;when current is low,the energy storage decreases slowly with the...